The IPCC Working Group II (WGII) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) reported that freshwater-related risks of climate change increased significantly with increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The observed hydrological changes due to climate change were assessed including precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, permafrost, glaciers, stream flow and groundwater etc. Meanwhile, the projected hydrological changes and freshwater-related impacts, vulnerabilities and risks due to climate change were assessed. It is necessary to take adaptive measures and implement risk management that would exploit the positive impacts and impair the negative impacts of climate change.