Land use change and forestry (LUCF) is one of the key sectors to report national greenhouse gases (GHG)inventory as required by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). With the aimto further implement the GHG emissions reduction target assigned to all provinces in China, it is an important basicwork to estimate the GHG emissions by sources and removal by sinks, and their present situations and distributionsat provincial level, that is, to prepare provincial GHG inventory in LUCF sector. The methodology of compilingprovincial GHG inventory in LUCF sector is developed to estimate anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources andremoval by sinks from LUCF activities at provincial level in China, which mainly includes carbon stock changes inforest and other woody biomass, and GHG emissions caused by forest conversion. The methodology is in compliancewith IPCC guidelines on national GHG inventory and incorporated with actual specialty of LUCF activities inChina, especially fully considers the availability and reliability of key activity data at provincial level. The methodologyalso supplies provincial specific defaults of key emission factors. The methodology makes it scientific and operableto compile LUCF GHG inventory at provincial level in China.