利用气候资料及泡桐物候期数据,分析了浙江省泡桐关键生育期与相关气象要素的关系,研究了泡桐开花展叶前相关气候特征,探讨了冷空气对泡桐秋季物候期的可能影响。从统计值的关系来看,其物候期主要取决于气温及≥10 ℃有效积温的高低,降水量的影响其次,日照时数的影响最小。泡桐物候期对当季的气温条件非常敏感,降水对其开花、展叶的影响有滞后作用。泡桐开花和展叶始期前3个月的≥10 ℃有效积温一般分别要达到200 ℃·d 和300 ℃·d 以上;由落叶末期至下一年开花和展叶始期的≥10 ℃有效积温也分别要基本达到200 ℃·d 和300 ℃·d 以上;开花展叶前3个月的降水量和日照时数一般在230 mm和在210 h 以上。泡桐秋季物候期前7 d 内的冷空气,特别是中等强度以上的冷空气对其影响很大,落叶前的冷空气促使泡桐开始落叶,落叶开始后,冷空气将加速落叶。开花末期前2周的冷空气,在一定程度上促进了泡桐花期的结束。
英文摘要:
The meteorological data and paulownia phenological data are used to analyze the relationship between the paulownia phenological phases and the relative meteorological factors in Zhejiang province. In addition, the climatic features before flowering and leaf spreading are studied, and the possible effects of cold air on the paulownia phenological phase in autumn are discussed. The relationship between the paulownia phenological phase and the annual average meteorological elements shows that the paulownia phenological phase depends mostly on the temperature and ≥ 10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature, then the precipitation, and finally the sunshine hours. The paulownia phenological phase is very sensitive to the current temperature, and precipitation has a lagging effect on its flowering and leaf spreading. The ≥ 10 ℃ accumulated temperatures should reach 200 ℃·d and 300 ℃·d for three months before flowering and leaf spreading and the period from leaf falling ending to the next flowering and leaf spreading. Moreover, the accumulated precipitation and sunlight should exceed 230 mm and 210 h currently. The cold air within 7 days, especially the one colder than moderate intensity, has a significant impact on the autumn paulownia phenological period, that is, the cold air before the leaf falling will reinforce the defoliation; after the leaf falling, it will accelerate the defoliation; cold air, in two weeks during flowering, will bring the flowering to end in some extent.