As the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, the grassland is the main carbon storage and one of carbon sink. In recent years, because of the implementation of major ecological projects, including the Grassland contract responsibility system, return farmland to forests or grassland, Nurture and grazing prohibition. Grassland ecosystem recovered and grassland productivity enhancing. The grassland ecosystem carbon reserve, carbon sequestration and keeping the carbon, mechanism of soil carbon cycle and stability are concerned by academic circles increasingly. This paper reviewed the research work of grassland ecosystem carbon storage and carbon process in China in recent years, summarized the characteristics and reserves of various types of grassland carbon library in our country through the different study, analyzed carbon process of grassland ecosystem, reviewed the research progress of related scientific problems of soil carbon process, pointed out the current research progress and the problems of soil carbon storage and carbon process in grassland ecosystem, analyzes the future focus in the study of soil carbon in grassland ecosystem research direction and development trend. The result shows that grasslands play a decisive role in the global carbon cycle. Improving carbon capture capacity of grassland ecosystem is an effective way to suppress the spread of the global climate change. However, due to the diversity of the types, the complexity of grassland structure and the temporal and spatial dynamic response of grassland to interference and environmental changes, so far we have limited understanding about scientific evaluation of carbon storage and the rate of change, the key carbon process of soil and its maintaining mechanism in grassland ecosystem. Along with the using of High resolution MODIS and TM data, mathematical model and measured point of the grassland types, through litter carbon pool connecting the plant carbon pool and soil carbon pool, the Soil carbon and potential of carbon sequestration and keeping the carbon makes important progress. The source and consist of soil organic carbon, organic carbon structure and environmental factors are important factors which influence the stability of soil organic carbon. Solid Hertz resonance, carbon isotope tracer provides important means to solve organic carbon stability. In the future, the driving mechanism of grassland ecosystem soil carbon sequestration will be clear and definite. And the Quantitative method system of grassland ecosystem soil carbon sequestration will also be built.