利用2003年1月至2013年1月10 yr 间的GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment)重力场恢复与气候实验重力卫星数据,辅以 TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)/CMAP (Climate Prediction Centers Merged Analysis of Precipitation)降水量数、NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)数据、DEM (Digital Elevation Model)数据等多种数据源及诸多GIS (Geographic Information System)手段,分析了121个月内研究区陆地水储量的动态变化情况。研究结果表明:⑴自东向西研究区陆地水储量变化程度由微弱逐步变化为非常剧烈;⑵巴尔喀什湖域外流区、鄂毕河流域以及部分叶尼塞河中下游地区的陆地水储量持续增长趋势显著;⑶锡尔河流域、阿姆河流域的交界处、幼发拉底-底格里斯河流域和里海西南海岸交界范围内,陆地水储量呈现了急剧降低的趋势;⑷降水量、蒸散发、地表植被的覆盖变化、地形因素等自然因素均对陆地水储量产生影响作用;⑸陆地水储量最大值出现的时间滞后于降水量最大值出现的时间。
英文摘要:
We used the GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) satellite gravity data obtained from January 2003 to January 2013, with supports of other data, including the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) and CMAP (Climate Prediction Centers Merged Analysis of Precipitation) precipitation data, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data, and the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data, to analyze the annual variations in water storage over central Asia. Following conclusions can be drawn from this study. (1) The amplitudes of the annual variations in the water storage exhibit a general E-W increasing trend. (2) The water storage has an increasing trend in the following areas: the Balkhash Basin, the Ob River Basin, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yenisei River Basin. This is caused by the global warming, the melting of permafrost, and the vegetation coverage continued to increase, as well as the improved industrial technologies to reduce water usage, and the other natural and human factors. (3) The water storage has a decreasing trend in the following areas: the Syr Darya River Basin, the Amu Darya River Basin, and the conjunction area between the Euphrates-Tigris Basin and the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea. (4) The water storage is primarily influenced by the precipitation, the evaporation, the vegetation coverage, and the topography. (5) The water storage maximum normally responds to the precipitation maximum with certain time lags.