Phytolithoccluded organic carbon (PhytOC) of soil is one of the important mechanisms of plant carbon sequestration on the scale of one thousand to ten thousand years. The form, size and combination of each kind of phytolith were different among different plant groups, organs and growth phase of the same organ. Carbon sequestration potential within PhytOC of soil was influenced by many factors, in which the main factors included climate change, plant productivity, carbon sequestration efficiency of phytolith, stability of PhytOC, land use patterns, farming practices, national macroscopic policy and so on. This article discussed the influence factors, suggesting the mechanism of carbon sequestration, selection of high efficient cultivars of carbon sequestration and phytolith carbon cycling in forest and agricultural ecosystems under human disturbance should become the research focus in future.