The paper is intended to discuss the relationship between river overflow and the climatic fluctuation by the analysis of the climatic factors which influenced river overflow in the middle and lower Yellow River during the middle and late period of the Qing Dynasty Based on the three indexes (overflow frequency,channel width and remediation funds) recorded in historical data,and by quantifying various river overflow degrees, the series of changes from 1751 to 1911 are reconstructed and compared with the contemporary droughtflood level and rainfall variation of the Middle Yellow River. The rainfall in the Middle Yellow River is highly correlated with the degree of river overflow in the middle and lower Yellow River,and the reciprocal changes of the two synchronize basically with each other. There is a distinctive correlative degree during the four main, which periods of 1760s,1785s,1820s,1880 to 1900s. The precipitation has increased in the middle Yellow River,which is the main reason for the damage caused by the overflow in the middle and lower Yellow River over the late period of the Qing Dynasty.