基于辽河三角洲及周边区域19个气象站点的实测气象数据和 FAO56 Penman-Monteith模型估算了1961-2010年该区域潜在蒸散,分析了半干旱区、半湿润区以及滨海湿地区潜在蒸散的空间分布特征和时间演变规律.结果表明,辽河三角洲不同区域具有不同的气候变化趋势和ET_0变化特征.总体上,滨海湿地区以及半湿润区年ET_0处于减小的趋势,彰武、阜新及其西北的半干旱区ET_0处于增加的趋势.此外,滨海湿地区气温的增高趋势大于半干旱区和半湿润区,2 m高风速和太阳辐射的降低趋势也同样半干旱区和半湿润区.在气象因子的综合作用下,滨海湿地区ET_0的下降趋势大于半湿润区,分别为-17.5和-12.3 mm/10 a ,半干旱区呈微弱增加趋势.
英文摘要:
Potential evapotranspiration (ET_0), as an estimate of the evaporative demand of the atmos-phere, has been an important index of climate change, and its variation is prominent between different climate zones. In this paper, Penman-Monteith formula is employed to calculate the potential evapotranspiration over Liaohe Delta from 1961-2010, using the daily field measure meteorological data. The spatial distribution and temporal trends of the coastal wetland zone, the semi-arid zone and the semi-humid zone are analyzed. The results show that at the regional scale there were variations of climate trends and potential e-vapotranspiration characteristics among the three climate zones in this period. Generally, in the past 50 years, potential evapotranspiration decreased in the coastal wetland zone and the semi-humid zone and increased in Zhangwu and Fuxin and the semi-arid zone to their northwest. The trends of increased temperature and decreased wind velocity and solar radiation were more obvious in the coastal wetland zone than in the semi-arid zone and the semi-humid zone. Influenced by various meteorological factors, the extent of decrease in ET_0 was greater in the coastal wetland zone (-17.5 mm/10a) than in the semi-humid zone (-12.3 mm/10a), while ET_0 in the semi-arid zone slightly increased.