In order to know the variable characteristics of heat resources of single-season rice growing seasons in Anhui Province and its impacts on rice yield, daily mean average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature in 45 meteorological stations in single-season rice production area in Anhui Province during 1961 to 2010 daily were used in order to analyze variable characteristics of mean temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, diurnal temperature range, heat damage, climate change rice along the Huaihe River Area, between Huaihe and Yangzi River Area and along Yangzi River Area 3 main single- season rice producing areas in Anhui Province, and its impacts on yield of rice were also analyzed. The results indicated that: during the past 50a, in 3 single-season rice producing areas, average temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were increased significantly; the number of days of temperature daily range, high temperature decreased obviously along Huahe River Area, and had no change rule between Huaihe and Yangzi River Area along Yangzi River Area; the average temperature, temperature daily range and heat damage on the meteorology yield of single- season rice were side effects, and the increasement of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature was conducive to yield improvement.