Due to global warming, extreme climate events have increased in frequency and intensity. Thus, it is important to use the geologic record to reconstruct climate change during the past 2 000 years, including the warm period (Medieval Warm Period), cold period (Little Ice Age) and the human-activity-influenced Current Warm Period, to better understand the mechanisms of climate change and extreme climate events. This paper focuses on aragonite stalagmites with high levels of uranium, allowing for high precision dating. The high precision dating enables study of the relationship between climate and cultural changes (such as the development and disintegration of the Mayan political systems), differences in regional climate (such as drywet conditions in the Asian monsoon area),and reconstruction of extreme climate events (such as the mechanism of drought events in the Asian monsoon area). When aragonite stalagmites are used in paleoclimate reconstruction, it is very important to know both the aragonite formation conditions and the aragonite-to-calcite transition conditions. To address these issues, the following techniques may be used, First,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr, delta~(26)Mg, delta~(18)O and delta~(13)C should be integrated into analysis of the stalagmite provenance,to determine if the stalagmite Mg comes from bedrock dolomite or is due to the hydrologic process. Second, synthetically analyze the aragonite formation environment and the hydrologic process using Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, delta~(13) C and △47 to determine if changes in temperature or hydrologic process may have caused PCP (Prior Calcite Precipitation) or PAP (Prior Aragonite Precipitation). Third, use crystallography and physical chemistry in aragonite-to-calcite transition analysis. The aragonite-to-calcite transition is not progressive in some aragonite stalagmites,and this may be due to pore water between crystals and infiltration water from the surface of the stalagmite. This is very important for crystallography and physical chemistry research in the aragonite-to-calcite transition section.