Central Asia is located in the hinterland of the Eurasia, comprising five countries-Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Most of the land belongs to arid land with extreme continental climate. The population is 60.73 million, and the area is 392.68*10~4 km~2. Based on the monitoring data of monthly air temperature and precipitation of 100 selected weather stations from 1901 to 2000 in Central Asia, using the Miami and Thornthwaite Memorial model to calculate potential climate productivity, the characteristics of temperal and spatial of potential climate productivity are analyzed with climatic trend rate, Mann-Kendall test, SPSS and ArcGIS methods. The results showed as follows: 1) Precipitation potential climate productivity (Yr) and evapotranspiration climate potential productivity (Ye) in Central Asia in 100 years appeared a gradual increasing trend, temperature potential climate productivity (Yt) is in an opposite trend, Yr and Ye witnessed four times of mutation, there was none in Yt. 2) Potential climate productivity had obviously regional difference, such as, Yt showed a reducing trend from southwest to northeast, spatial distribution of Yr and Ye was complicated, the eastern was more than the western, generally.3) Warm and wet climate changing trend is beneficial to the improvement of climate potential productivity, climate potential productivity was more sensitive to humidifying.