As one of the core areas of origin of the Chinese civilization, Henan Province is an ideal place for Holocene environmental archaeological research. In the past two decades, the majority of studies of environmental archaeology in Henan Province focused on the environmental background analysis of the evolution of culture. A small number of these studies was on the impact of catastrophic events and human responses to climate change. Digital environmental archaeology also began to develop. But the region still lacks relevant research on high-resolution paleoenvironment reconstruction. Although great attention was paid to the research of environmental impacts on culture development, human responses to environment change and the environmental effects of past human activities were rarely examined. With the broader application of remote sensing, GIS, and other technologies and constant attention to landscape archaeology, archaeological site location modeling and quantitative studies of prehistoric human- nature relationship have become the focus of international environmental archaeology.