In this paper, the spatial pattern, trend and driving forces of ecosystem change of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2010 are derived based on the remote sense data (Landsat TM/ETM+ and HJ-1 CCD). During this period, urban construction area, cropland and wetland had expanded rapidly, that increased by 30.5%、26.7% and 10.2% respectively. Meanwhile, grassland, shrub had massively decreased by 2.4% and 5.1%. Glacier area had also significantly retreated by about 1.6%. Woodland and desert were almost unchanged. Traditional oasis was the majority area of change, especially in the south and north foot of Tianshan mountains. Technical improvement of water conservancy facilities and national west part development strategy are the primary causes of transformations of grassland and shrub into cropland. Population growth is the driving force of urban construction area increase. Due to global warming, a great amount of glacier area of the percentage between 16.7% and 32.5% had disappeared since 1960s, which resulted in the increase of wetland. National eco-environment projects, e.g. Three North Shelterbelt, was established to protect woodland and desert from further deterioration. This paper presented some suggestions to keep the ecological security of Xinjiang: (1) forbidding deforestation and developing cropland in mountain area to recover its water conservation function; (2) restricting the increase of cropland in oasis because it has already exceeded the theoretical water resources carrying capacity of Xinjiang; (3) protecting the transition zone to ensure the ecological security of oasis in the piedmont plain; (4) constructing artificial grassland and utilizing the crop straw to develop animal husbandry; (5) strengthening the research under the impact of global climate change on water resources to assist future policy making.