In the late 1960s and early 1970s,years of severe drought in the Sahara area of Western Africa led to an unprecedented disaster,so desertification problem caused the attention of people all over the world. The Islamic Republic of Mauritania known asthe desert of the Republic,is located in the Western Sahara, which accounted for 2 /3 land area of it,the remaining belongs to the edge of the desert semi-desert areas. The continuing drought making vegetation seriously damaged,while rapid population growth and the negative impact of economic globalization has exacerbated poverty in most parts. In order to survive,people are forced to deforest and destroy the grass,excessive land reclamation,pasture overload use,which has formed a deepening poverty and desertification, exacerbated by desertification and poverty vicious circle. Desertification has seriously restricted the peoples survival and development,which has become the countrys urgent need to face. Periodic arid climate,sandy surface and low vegetation coverage,the terrain landform is the main reason leading to the desertification mostly,years of climate change is one of the culprits of desertification. On combating desertification Mauritanian government has taken a series of effective measures of sand fixing,meanwhile Mauritania is active in communication and collaboration with the international community,and actively serves as Chair country in theGreen Great Wall Africaproject.