Based on the daily air temperature data from 1955 to 2012 of Luochuan County,10 kinds of extreme air temperature indices which suggested by WMO were calculated using the linear trend method,anomaly and accumulative anomaly method,Morlet wavelet analysis,principal component analysis and Mann -Kendall test. Meanwhile,the trends in these extreme air temperature indices along with the change of time,cycle,mutations and the correlation between each index were analyzed. The results show that: ① Six indices including the maximum air temperature,the minimum air temperature,summer day,hot night,warm night,warm day are on the rising,while the four indices including ice day,frost day,cold night,cold day are on the decline. ② The extreme maximum air temperature,extreme minimum air temperature,cold night and warm night whose variable ratio are larger has about 29 - 30 a main cycle,reflecting the regular change with cycles of extreme weather in Luochuan area. ③ The results of principal component analysis showed that the first principal component accounts for 41.6% of the variance contribution rate,high load indices including warm night,hot night and frost days that can be thought has a significant impact on temperature change of Luochuan. ④ Except the annual extreme minimum temperature,there were significant correlations between each index. Among the relative index and absolute index,the indices of the cold or warm were positively correlated and there is a negative correlation between the cold and warm index. ⑤ The results of mutation analysis showed that the mutations of extreme value index occurred in 1994 and 1965,while the mutations of relative index mainly occurred in the late 1980s to 1990s and the mutations of absolute index occurred in 1970s and the early 2000s. In general,the extreme maximum temperature and the extreme minimum temperature of Luochuan in recent 58 years have increased with a rate of 0.14 ℃?(10a)~(- 1) and 0.19 ℃?(10a)~(- 1) which coincides with global warming. The results can provide theoretical basis and reference for addressing climate change and preventing meteorological disasters in Luochuan region.