Based on the yearly surface air temperature and yearly precipitation of nearly 2000 meteorological stations over China from 1961 to 2012, compared the differences between the climate state and the climate standard state for the periods of 1971-2000 and 1981-2010. And used the standard of temperature grades and precipitation grades,and the definition of extreme events, the quantitative analysis of temperature and precipitation characteristics under different climate states for are investigated. The results indicate that: (1) The comparisons between climate state and climate standard state for the periods of 1971-2000 and 1981 - 2010 are respectively slightly higher and lower,which are likely to influence the climate analysis and evaluation; (2) Under the different climate states,the frequency of abnormal cold temperature grade increase,but the abnormal heat temperature are different; (3) Analyzed the frequency of extreme high value for the same elements in the same period,they are diametrically opposite under the different climate climates. But the frequency of the extreme low value are the consistent increase, especially the climate state of 1981-2010.