Conservation effectiveness assessment of nature reserves evaluates the fitness of major protected targets and their habitat suitability,and provides support to strengthen the management of nature reserves. Based on monitored data of wetland and water birds diversity,a dynamic and quantitative indicator system was developed to assess the effectiveness of wetland conservation of Huihe National Nature Reserve. The conservation effectiveness of this reserve over the 10-year period 2004-2013 was analyzed,during which a management bureau was established in 2004. In this decade,the dynamic degree of wetland area was-0.178%,showing a basically stable trend. During the same period,the wetland patches were gradually defragmented,with the mean patch area increased by 53.44%. As to the bird diversity,the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indexes increased by 83.53% and 88.50%,respectively. The species richness and number of threatened birds increased slowly. Our results showed that the situation and conservation achievement of Huihe wetland were improved due to the establishment of Huihe National Nature Reserve Management Bureau and the improvement of conservation performance (grazing and reed harvesting in the surrounding community,etc.). The recommendations for management improvement are that climate change should be included in the current monitoring indicators; the upstream of Huihe's wetland should be monitored and water-recharging should be considered when extremely dry climates occur; and the relationship between the water birds diversity and their habitat should be further monitored.