Based on the weather data of 21 meteorological stations in Sichuan Basin from 1961 to 2012, we analyzed the climate change trends and obtained the space-time distribution of crop climatic productivity during the past 52 years by using the Thomthwaite Memorial model and the EOF method. The results indicated that the warming-drought pattern was the main characteristic of climate change in Sichuan Basin, of which the linear tendencies of temperature, precipitation and crop climatic productivity were changed at the rates of 0.095 ℃/10 a, -21.461 mm/10 a, and -4.91 kg/(hm~2·10 a), respectively. Spatially, the annual average temperature increased from north to south, while the annual precipitation showed a clear basin-shaped distribution. The crop climatic productivity generally showed a decreasing trend, except for the northeast cities such as Wanyuan, Daxian and Fengjie. When the crop climatic productivity was estimated under various climate change scenarios, the warming and humid climate environment was the most favorable for developing agriculture, by which crop yields might be increased by 5.74%-16.77%. In contrast, the cold and dry climate environment was the most unfavorable, by which crop yields might be decreased by 5.92%-18.53%. In general, we found that the crop climatic productivity in Sichuan Basin may show a gain if the precipitation is decreased by less 10%.