To avoid a disastrous influence caused by global warming,carbon emissions trading mechanism has become a generally accepted means of controlling carbon emissions. A model of stochastic inventory control was developed under carbon emission trading mechanism. And the changes of the optimal quantity and expected costs under different conditions were analyzed. The result is showed that when carbon price increases,the optimal quantity ordered will reduce; when carbon emissions permission increases,the optimal quantity ordered will stable,and expected costs will decrease. A numerical example is illustrated that the carbon emissions trading mechanism makes the government attach more attentions to firm micro level of energy conservation and emissions reduction,guides the enterprises to reduce carbon emissions.