Soil can effectively record and collect environmental information, soil contains rich environmental information in ancient cultural sites. In many studies, however, the research of the relationship between the change of Yangshao Culture and climate change is less, the lack of quantitative scientific basis. To investigate climate significance of soil chroma index and recover semi-quantitativly climate conditions in the period of Yangshao Culture, based on choosing a culture profile containing traces of ancient culture and a nature profile with no human disturbance in Yangshao Village Relic paleosol in Henan Province, the comparative study was discussed in this paper. The chroma index of lightness, redness and yellowness were measured respectively by CM-700d from Japan and compared with the magnetic susceptibility and grain size, trying to reveal paleoclimate change. The results showed: Climate proxies such as chroma index and etc can scientifically reflect the changes of paleoclimate in some degree, but the changes reflected by just one climate proxy were one sided. Only by comprehensive analysis of various climate proxies, the reasonable and correct changes can be rebuilt.Due to the interference of human activities,the culture profiles inversion results of climate were worse than the nature profiles, but roughly corresponding to the natural profile. Although each climate indicator of two profiles was different, but overall reflecting the same climate information. It can be divided into four climate change stages from below to above, warming period-dry and cold period- warm and himid period-dry and cold period. This result also showed warm and humid climate was the catalyst for the development of civilization, while dry-cold climate would cause the decline of civilization.