In order to further understand soil ecological processes in alpine area under the background of climate change, the effects of snow regimes (including the depth and duration of snow cover) on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity were explored by in situ PVC culture tubes method in the alpine belt of the eastern Tibetan Plateau from Nov. 2010 to Apr. 2011. The results showed that soil temperature and soil water content had significant correlation with the snow regime. The snow depth affected significantly the microbial biomass, soil invertase activity, catalase activity and cellulose activity. The microbial biomass content and soil enzyme activity under 30 cm snowpack were obviously higher than under 50 cm and 100 cm. But they were not influenced significantly by the snow duration. The interactions of snow depth and snow duration on the microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity showed a significant effect. It showed that snow regime under the background of climate change will change significantly soil microbe levels and activity, and further affect the biochemical process of soil C and N.