globalchange  > 气候变化与战略
CSCD记录号: CSCD:5485868
论文题名:
好氧甲烷氧化菌生理生态特征及其在自然湿地中的群落多样性研究进展
其他题名: A review of the physiological and ecological characteristics of methanotrophs and methanotrophic community diversity in the natural wetlands
作者: 邓永翠1; 车荣晓2; 吴伊波3; 王艳芬2; 崔骁勇2
刊名: 生态学报
ISSN: 1000-0933
出版年: 2015
卷: 35, 期:14, 页码:1603-1610
语种: 中文
中文关键词: 甲烷氧化菌 ; 甲烷 ; 甲烷单加氧酶 ; 湿地
英文关键词: methanotrophs ; methane monooxygenase (MMO) ; methane ; wetland
WOS学科分类: BIOLOGY
WOS研究方向: Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
中文摘要: 甲烷氧化菌是一类可以利用甲烷作为唯一碳源和能源的细菌,在全球变化和整个生态系统碳循环过程中起着重要的作用。近年来,对甲烷氧化菌的生理生态特征及其在自然湿地中的群落多样性研究取得了较大进展。在分类方面,疣微菌门、NC10门及两个丝状菌属甲烷氧化菌的发现使其分类体系得到了进一步的完善;在单加氧酶方面,发现甲烷氧化菌可以利用pMMO和sMMO两种酶进行氧化甲烷的第一步反应,Ⅱ型甲烷氧化菌中pMMO2的发现证实甲烷氧化菌可以利用这种酶氧化低浓度的甲烷;在底物利用方面,已经发现了越来越多的兼性营养型甲烷氧化菌,证实它们可以利用的底物比之前认为的更广泛,其中包括乙酸等含有碳碳键的化合物;在生存环境方面,能在不同温度、酸度和盐度的环境中生存的甲烷氧化菌不断被分离出来。全球自然湿地甲烷氧化菌群落多样性的研究目前主要集中在北半球高纬度的酸性泥炭湿地,Ⅱ型甲烷氧化菌Methylocystis、Methylocella和Methylocapsa是这类湿地主要的甲烷氧化菌类群,尤其以Methylocystis类群最为广泛,而I型甲烷氧化菌尤其是Methylobacter在北极寒冷湿地中占优势。随着高通量测序时代的到来和新的分离技术的发展,对甲烷氧化菌的现有认识将面临更多的挑战和发展。
英文摘要: Methanotrophs are a group of bacteria that can use methane as their sole source of carbon and energy. They play a major role in carbon cycle and global warming by controlling emissions of methane, the second most important greenhouse gas following CO_2. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the physiology, phylogeny, and ecology of methanotrophs, with particular focus on the diversity of methanotrophic community in natural wetlands. The traditionally identified methanotrophs all belong to the phylum Proteobacteria. Based on intracytoplasmic membranes formation, predominant fatty acid types, the mechanism by which carbon is assimilated into biomass and phylogenetic characteristics, proteobacterial methanotrophs are divided into two groups, type I and type II (Gamma- and Alpha-proteobacteria, respectively). Up to now, 20 methanotrophic genera have been affiliated in phylum Proteobacteria, including two filamentous methanotrophs, Crenothrix polyspora and Clonothrix fusca. These two species have been characterized recently and form a new branch within the family Methylococcaceae. Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs, a remarkable new finding, are distantly related to the proteobacteria methanotrophs. They have been isolated from geothermal sites,seem to be restricted to extreme environments and form a new genus (Methylacidiphilum). Methanotrophs are also found in a novel phylum named NC10, which represents bacteria capable of aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification under anoxic conditions. Two types of enzyme, a particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) and a soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) can be used by methanotrophs to execute the first step of methane oxidation. All known methanotrophs possess the pMMO, except genera Methylocella and Methyloferula which only have sMMO. Some methanotrophs of type I and II have both pMMO and sMMO. A different pMMO (pMMO2) is discovered in some type II methanotrophs. pMMO2 has lower methane oxidation kinetics and enables these methanotrophs to consume methane at atmospheric concentrations. The pmoA and mmoX gene, encoding subunits of the pMMO and sMMO respectively, have been used as a functional marker for detecting methanotrophs in environmental samples. However, the current public pmoA sequences database is larger than that of the mmoX,and the sequence based pmoA phylogeny has good correlation to the 16S rRNA phylogeny. Facultative methanotrophs have been reported in the genera Methylocella, Methylocapsa, and Methylocystis. Some species of them can use compounds with carbon-carbon bonds as sole growth substrates, including acetate, large organic acids or ethanol. These findings broke the traditional notion that methanotrophs could only use one-carbon compounds,indicating that broader substrate utilization might be more common in methanotrophs. Methanotrophs have been isolated from various environments including habitats of extreme temperature, acidity or salinity. For example, some type I methanotrophs (Methylocaldum, Methylococcus, and Methylothermus) were reported to have optimum growth temperatures above 40 ℃. On the other hand there are some methanotrophs (Methylobacter and Methylocella) adapted to cold environments and with optimum growth temperatures of 030 ℃. Some Methylacidiphilum species grow at extreme low pH of 22.5. But some Methylomicrobium species have the optimum pH of 9.09.5. Besides, some Methylomicrobium species and Methylohalobius crimeensis are halotolerant methanotrophs and have a growth optimum around 11.5 mol/L NaCl. In contrast, Methylocapsa KYG is very sensitive to NaCl and can only grow at low NaCl concentrations. By employing the 16S rRNA gene or functional genes as molecular markers, the methanotrophic communities have been extensively studied in many natural wetlands.
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/149829
Appears in Collections:气候变化与战略

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作者单位: 1.中国科学院大学, 虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室, 北京 100049, 中国
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049, 中国
3.宁波大学, 宁波, 浙江 315211, 中国

Recommended Citation:
邓永翠,车荣晓,吴伊波,等. 好氧甲烷氧化菌生理生态特征及其在自然湿地中的群落多样性研究进展[J]. 生态学报,2015-01-01,35(14):1603-1610
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