Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) is a novel denitrification process with methane as the electron donor and NO_3~-/NO_2~- as the electron acceptor under anaerobic condition. As a greenhouse gas, CH_4 has 20-30 times greater global warming potential than CO_2. CH_4,instead of conventional carbon source,is used for denitrification in the process of DAMO, which is beneficial for reducing global warming effect and improving nitrogen cycle. It has been found that Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera (belonging to bacteria) and Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens (archaea) are the two main microbial communities participating in DAMO process. The former conducts NO_2 -DAMO process via intraaerobic pathway" while the other uses reverse methanogenesis pathway" to couple NO_3~- reduction with methane anaerobic oxidation. This paper elaborated the intracellular metabolic pathway of M. oxyfera and M. nitroreducens ,and summarized the influence factors of DAMO process in detail,including substrate (CH_4 and NO_2 /NO_3~-) concentration, reactor configuration and temperature, etc. Meanwhile, the current status of DAMO application on nitrogen removal was also investigated. With further exploration of the mechanisms,enrichment and influence factors of microbial communities,the propulsion of DAMO industrial application would be the frontier in the future.