Climate change will lead to the migrating and loss of main protective objects, potential boundary and key habitats in nature reserves, may directly affect the ecosystem services and functions of nature reserves, and even threaten the national ecological security. Based on field investigation, this paper analyzed the impact of climate change on nature reserve in China, as well as the situation and problems of risk management and control. Thereafter, the countermeasures were brought forward, including: (1) to strengthen the research and monitoring of climate change impacts, early warning and management of climate change risk; (2) to construct the technology system of adaptive management of climate change risk; (3) to improve the mechanism of risk management and control, and then carry out its demonstration; and (4) to enhance the level of international cooperation and communication in climate change risk management at nature reserve. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for decision to enhance the adaptive management of nature reserve in the new situation in response to climate change and setting up ecological red line in China.