Based on observed data, substitutive data, and scientific literature, this paper analyzes the main characteristics of precipitation variations over the last 60 years, 130 years, and 280 years and discusses the possible mechanism influencing precipitation variations on multi-decadal scales. Results showed the following: ( 1 ) The average annual precipitation anomaly percentage in the Haihe River Basin exhibited a decreasing trend during the period from 1956 to 2013, with a rate of decrease of 2.6% per 10 years, but the decreasing trend was weak during the period from 1880 to 2012. (2) During the period from 1736 to 2012, the average annual precipitation anomaly percentage in the Haihe River Basin did not show a significant long-term trend. A reduction in the trend of the average annual precipitation anomaly percentage in the Haihe River Basin appears to be a normal, but the fluctuation still existed on decadal and multi-decadal scales. (3) The period from the late 1940s to the early 1960s had the wettest climate conditions of the last 280 years. There have been several periods of persistent drought since the beginning of the 20th century, including the severe one, which has not been rare over the last 280 years, during the period from 1997 to 2003. The longest period of severe drought occurred from 1826 to 1843. (4) The average annual precipitation in the Haihe River Basin showed a characteristic of quasi-periodical fluctuation, and the relatively significant quasi-periods of fluctuation were 2 to 7 years, 11 years, 22 to 23 years, 33 years, and 63 to 65 years. (5) The reduction in the tendency of the precipitation in the Haihe River Basin after 1960s was a component of the natural low-frequency periodical fluctuation over 63 to 65 years in the regional climate. It is predicted that the annual precipitation in the Haihe River basin will increase over the next few decades, and it will probably reach its peak value during the period from 2035 to 2040.