Based on analysis of historical data,the impact of climate change on rice production in Sichuan basin was revealed. Applying the 22 site observation data of rice and corresponding meteorological observation data of the Sichuan basin from 1981 to 2009,a statistical regression relationship was established between average maximum temperature,average daily precipitation and average sunshine time of jointingbooting stage,heading-blooming stage and milk stage with rate of empty grain,rate of unfulfilled grain and thousand seed weight,and then the effect of meteorological elements on rice production was analyzed. Result showed that rate of empty grain decreased as average maximum temperature of heading-blooming stage increased in plains of west basin region; Rate of unfulfilled grain decreased as average maximum temperature of milk stage increased; Rate of empty grain increased as average maximum temperature and average sunshine time increased,thousand seed weight decreased as average maximum temperature increased and increased as average daily precipitation increased in hills of south basin region in shallow hill of middle basin region; Meteorological elements had smaller influence on the parallel ridge-valley region of east basin. It was concluded that the main growth durations affecting the rate of empty grain of Sichuan basin were jointing-booting stage,heading-blooming stage and milk stage. The main growth duration affecting the rate of unfulfilled grain was milk stage; The main stage affecting the thousand seed weight was jointing-booting stage; Drought had a bigger influence on rice production at jointing-booting stage of hills of south basin region,climate warming,the corresponding high temperature damage in Sichuan basin had little effect on yield components. This provided the theoretical basis to accurately assess the impact of climate change on rice production and take corresponding measures.