According to the theoretical concepts of deserticulture and ecosystem services, we put forward the concept of ecosystem service system of deserticulture, analyzed the current situation of ecosystem service system of deserticulture in Inner Mongolia, and studied the influence of climate change on the development of deserticulture in Inner Mongolia through the ArcGIS software. At last, we analyzed the achievements, problems, development principles and countermeasure of deserticulture in Inner Mongolia. Judging from the current situation and development trend of climate change, deserticulture development in the space is proposed to shift from west to east in Inner Mongolia, and a sound system of ecosystem services should be built gradually, so as to promote healthy development of deserticulture in Inner Mongolia, improve the level of ecosystem services of deserticulture and eco-socio-economic coordination in Inner Mongolia.