Objective To explore the influence of meteorological factors on the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, so as to prolong survival time and improve the life quality of patients with cardiovascular system diseases in. Methods A retrospective survey was used to collect relative information to analyze the impact of climate change on the death of cardiovascular system disease in Nanjing from 2003 to 2007. Curve estimation analysis was used to analyze correlations between various meteorological factors. Results During 2003 - 2007,the death numbers of residents in Nanjing with cardiovascular diseases increased. The difference of mortality rates,were not statistically significant (chi_(trend)~2 = 3. 71,P = 0. 054). The deaths of the cardiovascular disease showed a sharp increasing tendency when the daily highest temperature reached to 32 ℃ in summer,with a statistical significance (Z = 9. 24,P = 0. 001). In winter,cardiovascular death toll increased gradually with the decrease of daily minimum temperature,buts no temperature turning point was noted with increased number of deaths. Average barometric presure had a positive correlation (r = 0. 27,P = 0. 001). Relative humidity (r = - 0. 04, P = 0. 001) and precipitation (r = - 0. 12,P = 0. 001) were negatively correlated with incidence of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions The result indicates that critical temperature to increase the deaths of cardiovascular system disease in the summer is 32 ℃. Low pressure and moist environment will also increase the mortality of cardiovascular disease.