External costs in road transport are important indicators that evaluate the impacts on bystanders brought by road transport activities. They play significant roles in assessing comprehensive value of road transport infrastructures and policies. By reviewing the advanced literature of evaluation of external costs in road transport,the evaluation methods of external congestion cost,external accident cost,air pollution cost,noise cost and global warming cost in road transport are summarized systematically. Then, the advantages,disadvantages and applicability of different evaluation methods of each external cost are analyzed in detail. At last,the emphases and difficulties of conducting evaluation of exteranl costs in road transport are discussed and some suggestions about carring out evaluation study of external costs in road transport in Chinese urban area are offered. In these suggestions,the actuality of evaluation research of external costs in road transport in China is taken into account.