Objective: To predict the distribution patterns of the original plants of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma current and in future in China under climate change. Methods: A maximum entropy modeling and variety of climate change scenarios were employed to predict its current and future distribution ranges in China. Results: The resultant models exhibited excellent predictive power. The current suitable habitats for original plants of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma totaled 84. 20 * 10~4 km~2, accounting for 8. 77% of the total area of China;57. 05% of its current suitable habitats(i. e. low impact areas) would be relatively lowly impacted by the climate change. Compared with its current distribution pattern, its distribution ranges during 2020s,2030s,2040s,2050,2060s,2070s and 2080s would be shrunk to some extent. However, the moderately suitable area would be expanded to a certain degree. Conclusion: Climate change has a negative impact on the total area and the habitat suitability for the original plants of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.