This paper utilizes the historical records of locust plague in Henan Province during Ming and Qing Dynasties to establish the relevant database. Through the reconstruction of locust plague year sequence and locust county sequence, this study explored the temporal-spatial characteristics of locust plague, as well as its correlation with climatic change. The results illustrate that:during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, locust plague occurred once 2. 4 years in Henan, which was more frequent than the past one thousand years. 1520 - 1530AD, 1580 - 1590AD, 1610 - 1640AD, 1690AD and 1850 - 1860AD were the five high-incidence periods. There was no significant change trend in the series of county, while the 17th century was the group-incidence period of especially large-scale locust plague. The spatial distribution was wide but uneven, with high incidence rate at the northern and eastern part of Henan, while lower incidence rate at the eastern and southern part. Wavelet analysis shows that there was no periodicity of locust plague during this period. Gutenberg-Richard relations occurrs in the relationship between the frequency and the scale of locust plague. It is possible that locust plague occurrs in either cold or warm period, which means locust plague is insignificantly affected by temperature change. Nevertheless, locust plague has a strong relationship with precipitation and presents a positive correlation with drought.