Ningxia is a sensitive region of climate change in China. Study on characteristics of drought variations in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has an important guiding significance for local government to cope with climate change,guide agricultural production and build ecological barrier in northwest China. According to the characteristics of ecological zoning in Ningxia,representative meteorological stations which locate in Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia,arid zone of middle Ningxia and mountains area of southern Ningxia respectirely were selected. The monthly precipitation data and the monthly mean temperature data from 1961 to 2012, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) ,and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test method were used to research spatiotemporal change law of drought in Ningxia in recent 50 years. The results show that the fact of climatic changes in Ningxia under the background of global warming exists recent 50 years,the yearly mean temperature is rising 0. 027 - 0. 040℃ per year and this rising tendency decreases from northern to southern; the yearly precipitation is decreasing,but its tendency is not obvious. There experienced a climate change process from wet period to dry period in the recent 50 years. The wet period was in 1960 - 1980,after then a fluctuant climate period was appeared in 1980 - 1995 and the dry period of whole province was coming from 1995. The region which has a highest frequency of drought occurrence is Mountains area of southern Ningxia,the lower is Arid zone of middle Ningxia, and the lowest is Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia.