人类生产和生活中大量消费各种形式的能源,除了向大气里排放温室气体和气溶胶外,还释放大量热量。人为热释放伴随着人类社会发展而长期存在,随着全球人口增长和经济发展,其影响效应不断加剧。人为热释放具有典型地域集中、不均匀分布的特征:虽然全球平均人为热释放通量仅约为0.03 W m~(-2),在人口密集的城市地区,人为热释放可高达每平方米数百瓦,足以影响局地气候。伴随全球经济的发展,人口的增长及城市化进程的加剧,人为热释放分布更集中,影响气候的范围逐步扩大,其对气候的影响能力逐步增强。全球气候模式的结果表明:人为热释放能够对全球大气环流产生影响,进而影响到全球气候变化。人为热释放可以导致全球地表温度增温约0.06 K,500 hPa温度场平均升温约0.04 K,尤其对北半球中高纬度升温效应明显。研究结果表明,人为热释放虽然没有温室气体如二氧化碳等影响因子对全球气候的影响那么显著,但是其仍然能够对全球气候产生影响,是全球气候变化不可忽视的影响因子。
英文摘要:
Anthropogenic Heat Release (AHR), which is produced through the consumption process of all kinds of energy resources in human society, will increase with the development of the global economy and expansion of the population. The present study shows that the global distribution of AHR is geographically concentrated and fundamentally correlated with economic activity. The global mean flux of AHR is just 0.03 W m~(-2), but in populated urban regions it may reach several hundred watts per square meter-A high enough level to affect regional climate. The climatic effect of AHR will increase with the development of global urbanization, implying that AHR may affect the global climate. Global climate model results in the present study show that AHR could have a significant impact on the surface temperature at mid and high latitudes over the Northern Hemisphere, leading to a 0.06 K increase in surface temperature and a 0.04 K increase at 500 hPa. Although AHR does not have as significant an impact as greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, it is nonetheless an important climatic factor that should not be ignored in global climate change studies.