Shahekou and Xigang District of Dalian was the subject of this study. Based on remote sensing images of SPOT5 and ETM7 sensors, we obtained the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of green space and surface temperature in this area from 1999 to 2013 by remote sensing interpretation and inversion. This work adopted the TVX Model to accurately measure evolution of green space and thermal environmental effects in order to put forward a more targeted climate change adaptation planning for urban. The results showed that: (1) in 1999-2013, the greenbelt area decreased 43.8% and greenbelt patch increased 42.86%. The urban green space has evolution characteristic of decreasing area and the spatial distribution fragmentation. The contribution of forest green land, park green land and neighborhood green land transformation into construction is 43.8%, 42.9% and 13.3%, respectively. The occupation of neighborhood green land for construction is the most serious because the original neighborhood green land area is small and the conversion rate high; (2) in 1999-2013, the highest rise of surface temperature is 5.2 K and the surface temperature difference increased 1.7 K. The geothermal aggregation interval increased from 301.6~304.7 K to 306.5~310.9 K and the thermal environmental effects deteriorated. (3) During the period studied, the landscape of land cover and land surface temperature changed significantly. TVX model tracking results indicated that urban green space transformation into urban construction land caused vegetation coverage decreased and surface temperature raised due to the rapid urbanization. Neighborhood green land encroachment caused more serious surface thermal environmental effects than park and forest green land.