Chitinous head capsules of chironomid larvae can be well preserved in lacustrine sediments. Owing to its distinctive characteristics,subfossil chironomids has attracted increasing attentions of scientists for paleoenvironment reconstructions. In China, relationships between subfossil chironomids and environmental factors have been investigated continuously in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Tibetan Plateau and Semi-arid region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Accordingly,and the regional climate changes records from these regions have been further reconstructed. At the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, quantitative reconstructions of nutrients changes from several typical lakes show a relatively higher background of nutrients, with total phosphorus concentrations of 50~60mug/L as the regional background value, and 80~110mug/L as the threshold value for the ecological transition from macrophyte to algae dominant lakes. Studies for hydroclimate reconstructions in arid Northwestern China indicate a dry Medieval Warm Period and a wet Little Ice Age. The database about the relation between subfossil chironomids and environmental factors in different parts of China help to broaden our knowledge about the ecology of chironomids, and increase the ability for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Comparing with peer international scientists, the transfer functions we built have the equal quality with theirs. Our weakness lies in the taxonomy of subfossil chironomids and understanding about their ecological characteristics. In addition, quantitative temperature reconstructions in different parts of Chinese are necessary in the future. This paper sketches the available reports data and points out the deficiency in subfossil chironomids' application in paleoenvironmental reconstruction and paleoecology,aiming to highlight its significance and promising prospect of subfossil chironomids as an effective biological proxy in Chinese palaeolimnological and environmental change study.