The Tamarix cone sedimentary vein in arid area is not only a means of counting years,but also contains climate and environment information. Therefore it can be used as an effective method for the research of modern high resolution climate change in arid areas.Based on sedimentary vein counting and the dating methods such as AMS ~(14)C,~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb,this article has established the time series of Tamarixcone sedimentary veins in the Damagou,Cele Oasis,Southern margin of the Taklimakan desert,and by means of sporopollen assemblage analysis and WAPLS,reconstructed the paleovegetation and paleoclimate for the last nearly 400 years.The research results show that: from 1590 to 1813,the pollen type is dominated by herbs and shrubs, formed the desert-shrub vegetation mainly consisting of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae,Gramineae and Tamarix,the climate at that time is warm and dry;from 1814 to 1930,the shrubs pollen occupies the absolute advantage,mainly containing Tamarix,in the later stage the herbs pollen has increased significantly,is a transition period from the desertshrub to desert-grassland, the weather has experienced a transition changing from the warmdry to the cold-wet;from 1931 to 2010,the pollen and spore types are still dominated by herbs and shrubs,forming the desert-grassland vegetation mainly containing the Gramineae,Tamarix and Artemisia,the average temperature has dropped slightly,whereas the precipitation has increased obviously.On the whole,in the stage it is a relatively cold-wet stage.In this period the cereals pollens mainly containing the crops have increased obviously indicates that the influence of human activities on the climate and environment has increased gradually.