Using 135-village field survey panel dataset across five provinces China over 2010-2012, this paper established the econometric model to identify influencing factors of grain crop planting decision-making. The results show that longterm climate change,extreme climate occurence,irrigation facilities, and the collective socioeconomic conditions have significant impact on grain crop planting decision-making. The paper suggests that China should improve agricultural climate detection and information dissemination,strengthen irrigation facilities and increase the management ability in order to stabilize grain planting at the community level.