The streamflow processes of the Poyang Basin are significantly altered due to combined influences from climate changes and human activities, which further triggers higher occurrence frequency of floods and droughts and hence serious water resources problems.In this sense, quantitative evaluations of influences from human activities and climate changes respectively are of greatly theoretical and practical merits in terms of planning and management of water resources.In this study, hydrological models and multivariate regression technique are used to identify quantitatively impacts of climate changes and human activities on streamflow variations of five tributaries of the Poyang Basin.Furthermore, the results are further corroborated by comparisons between the analyses by hydrological models and multivariate regression methods and also sensitivity analysis technique.The explained variables of the multivariate models are done using the adjustment coefficients with different explained variables, showing that the multiple regression models are the right ones with evaporation and the precipitation of the last month.The NASH coefficient for the AWBM model is larger than 0.842, being better than the modeling results by the multivariate regression models.Meanwhile the impacts modeled by the above-mentioned techniques are similar, and are good for identification of the impacts of human activities and climate changes on streamflow variations.It should be noted here that the sensitivity method cannot exclude the base-period human influences.Due to increase of streamflow as a result of human interferences, the influence component by climate changes is usually exaggerated.Analysis of this study indicates that precipitation, potential evaporation and also human activities have the potential to increase the streamflow of the Poyang Basin and the fractional contribution is 27% and 73%, respectively.Climate changes can increase the streamflow of these five rivers considered in this study.Human activities increase the streamflow of the rivers except Fu River basin.In the Fu River basin, the streamflow decreases due to massive agricultural irrigation.Different influences can be identified for climate changes and human activities on tributaries of the Poyang Basin.Climate change is the major driving factor for the increase of the streamflow within the Rao, Xin and Gan River basins;however, human activity is the principle driving factor behind the increase of the streamflow of the Xiu River basin and also the decrease of the streamflow of Fu River basin.Meanwhile, different impacts of human activities and climate changes on streamflow variations are distinctly different on various temporal scales.On the annual time scale, increase of streamflow is large due to climate changes and human activities during 1970s1990s and decrease of streamflow during 2000s.On the seasonal scale, human activities can well increase streamflow during dry season (December to February of the subsequent year) and decrease streamflow during wet season (April to June) with the fractional contribution of 78.9% and 82.7% respectively.On the monthly scale, different influences of climate changes and human activities can be detected.Climate change is the main factor for the decrease of streamflow during May to June and human activities for the decrease of streamflow during February to May.The results of this study can provide theoretical ground for basin-scale water resources management under the influences of climate changes and human activities.