Rice is an important economic crop in Ningxia. Frequent outbreaks of biological disasters such as plant disease and pest insect has been threatening the rice production in Ningxia since 1991. Using statistical data of plant protection,rice yields,and rice paddy field distribution by remote sensing in Ningxia,this paper focused on analyzing the tendency of diseases and insect pests in occurrence and economic loss in rice crop from 1991 to 2010. Results showed that the yearly mean occurrence areas of diseases and insect pests were 53 and 20 thousand hectare,while the mean prevention and control areas were 84 and 16 thousand hectare,respectively. With respect to the pest insect,the occurrence intensity decreased 23.1% while the control degree increase 77.3%. The occurrence areas,occurrence intensity, prevention and control areas,prevention and control intensity of diseases and insect pests in rice significant increased during this period. The mean saved loss yield of rice from diseasesand insect pests were 0.0267 and 0.0028 million tons,increasing by 55.15% and 2775.0%,respectively,which indicated that prevention and control of diseases and insect pests were of great significance to the rice production. But the yearly mean actual loss yield of rice from diseases and insect pests were still 0.0071 and 0.0013 million tons,as result of external factors such as climate changes,suggesting that further efforts should to be done to promote the ability of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Rice diseases and pest insects were mainly distributed in the major grain producing areas in the northern area of Ningxia. In order to effectively prevent or reduce the effects of biological disasters on the safe rice production. We should establish the risk assessment and monitor and warn those biological disasters in time,improve the ecological environment of farmland, increase the integrated pest management researches on regional farmland ecosystem,and then take corresponding and proper measures.