Chinese loess-red clay is widely accepted as a unique terrestrial archive of the paleo-climate change and is comparable with deep-sea sediments. In order to better understand the natural relationship between the eolian sequence and paleoclimate,eolian and authigenic minerals should be studied at nanometer scale for revealing the genesis and evolution of clastic and pedogenic minerals in the process of pedogenesis of loess. By using advanced high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and field emission scan electron microscope(FESEM), we have revealed mechanisms of constraint on size of oxidation of magnetite and formation of authigenic maghemite in the eolian sediments,established genetic mineralogical theory on the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility for paleosol,settled mineralogical base for establishing internal relationship between magnetic susceptibility and paleoclimate,discovered widely distributed nanorod calcite in Quaternary loess,noticed the regularly variation in content and microstructure of the nanorod calcite,elaborated the formation mechanism of the nanorod calcite based on the biologically induced mineralization(BIM) theory,found out the distribution regularity of attapulgite in the loess-red clay sequence,and finally proposed response mechanism of clay minerals to the paleoclimate change in this paper.