With the support of 3S technology, the spatio-temporal desertification process of Hexi Corridor Region in Gansu Province was reconstructed for the past 30 years. A method was constructed for the dynamic simulation and evaluation of risks of desertification. Based on the scenario data of climate changes, desertification risks in the future 30 years were predicted. The results showed that during the past 30 years, the desertification distribution in Hexi Corridor Region in Gansu Province underwent no significant change but its area decreased, the correlation between normalized difference vegetation index and accumulated temperature was not very significant and the annual precipitation contributed more than the annual accumulated temperature; in the next 30 years, under different climate change scenarios, the spatial distribution features of desertification risks in Hexi Corridor Region in Gansu Province would be different: RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 showed high similarity, RCP6.0 would be under the minimal desertification risk and RCP8.5 be under the biggest risk.