Based on the records of daily precipitation,air temperature,and sunshine duration from June of 1961to May of 2015,climate change characteristics of nearly 54years and their correlationship with wheat yield in south of Shanxi dry land were analyzed.The results showed that average annual precipitation of nearly 54years in south of Shanxi was 478.2mm,which was decreased year by year.Precipitation in 1990swas the lowest,and was increased in twenty-first century.Normal years and dry years took up to 31.5%and 38.9%,respectively.Average precipitation per decade during early fallow period(June to July)and before winter(from sowing time to air temperature continually at 0 ℃for 5 days)in dry-land were decreased.Average precipitation per decade during late fallow period(August to September)was increased since 1990s,which was favorable to water storage of deep soil.Daily average air temperature,the maximum and minimun air temperature per year were increased by 0.040 6℃,0.024 6℃and 0.064 9℃annually,respectively.Accumulated temperature before winter and daily average air temperature during over-wintering were increased year by year.The years with accumulated temperature over 700℃before winter accounted for 74.1%,of which after 2000stook up to 100%,resulting in prosperous growing before winter.Beginning date of over-wintering was postponed from late November in 1960sand 1970sto early or middle December in 2000s.Annual sunshine hours were shorten year by year,and sunshine hours during wintering period was shorten obviously. Wheat yields in south of Shanxi dry land had highly positive correlation with precipitation,and the correlation coefficient with precipitation during wheat growth period was significant.There was no significant correlation between wheat yield and air temperature.Thus,precipitation is the primary limiting factor to dry-land wheat yield,stable and high yield production in south of Shanxi wheat region.