In order to predict effects of future climate change on spring wheat production, and to understand the response characteristics of dry matter production in different growing period of spring wheat and the distribution characteristics of photosynthetic products in different organs, we conducted a field infrared temperature-increasing simulation experiment with the applications of free air temperature increased system (FATI) to investigate the effects of air temperature increases (non-warming, warming 1 ℃ and warming 2 ℃) on dry matter production and distribution of rainfed spring wheat at the Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment Experimental Station of the Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration (35°35′N, 104°37′E). The results showed that with the increase of temperature, growth and development of spring wheat accelerated, the growth duration was shortened significantly, Warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ shortened the growth duration by 7 days and 11 days, respectively. Appropriate temperature increases can promote the growth of crops. However when temperature increased more than the optimal temperature for wheat growth, the temperature could become a factor limiting the growth. Based on the dry matter accumulation in various organs of spring wheat, warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ increased leaf dry matter weight by 11.23% and 27.49%, respectively at trefoil stage. In comparison, during and after jointing stage, warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ decreased leaf dry matter weight by 20.12% and 30.83%, respectively. During and before jointing stage, warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ increased stem dry matter weight by 17.30% and 30.30%, respectively. In contrast, after jointing stage, warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ decreased stem dry matter weight by 13.19% and 22.09%, respectively. During and before booting stage, warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ increased root dry weight by 10.26% and 23.30%, respectively. But, after booting stage, warming of 1.0 and 2.0℃ decreased root dry weight by 15.79% and 26.05%, respectively. Warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ decreased panicle dry weight by 16.43% and 29.00%, respectively. During and before jointing stage, warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ increased aboveground dry weight and total dry weight by 11.19%, 20.61% and 11.46%, 21.79%, respectively. However, after jointing stage, warming of 1.0 and 2.0 ℃ decreased aboveground dry weight and total dry weight by 16.43%, 27.15% and 15.96%, 26.26%, respectively. The time response curves of dry matter production to temperature at different growth stages of spring wheat were basically consistent with the time response curves of NAR and LAI, which all increased first then decreased. The response pattern of the matter production of spring wheat under different warming treatments was mainly caused by the change of NAR. From the dry matter distribution of various organs of spring wheat, at trefoil, jointing, booting, heading, flowering, grain filling and milk ripe stage, warming of 1.0 ℃ decreased the ratio of dry matter of leaf to total dry weight by 0.24%, 14.28%, 4.63%,11.23%, 12.66%, 6.83%, and 8.39%, respectively. However, with warming of 2.0℃ the decrease for each growth stage was 1.35%, 19.46%, 8.08%, 11.82%, 18.23%, 12.56%, and 12.58%, respectively, The warming of 1.0 ℃ increased the ratio of dry matter of stem to total dry weight by 0.94%, 9.55%, 0.20%, 5.37%, 4.62%, 2.67%, and 4.07% for different growth stages, respectively. In comparison, the warming of 2.0 ℃ for the ratio was 2.55%, 12.01%, 2.19%, 6.86%, 8.33%, 5.37%, and 6.46% for each growth stage, respectively. Warming of 1.0 ℃ increased the ratio of dry matter of root to total dry weight by 0.43%, 3.11%, 10.45%, 1.59%, 5.25%, 2.96%, and 3.21% each for different growth stage. But warming of 2.0 ℃, the ratio for different growth stages was 3.73%, 8.96%, 23.54%, 2.75%, 10.49%, 5.33%, and 6.17%, respectively.