Air temperature variation in Tianshan region and its responses to global climate change are being widely concerned in recent years. In this paper, we used linear tendency estimate and Pearson Correlation Coefficient method to analyze the characteristics of temperature changes in Tianshan Mountain,and to investigate the responses of air temperature variation to global climate change. The data information consists of measured air temperature datasets of 40 meteorological stations over the past 60 years in Tianshan region and global climate indices over the same period. Conclusions of the study are as follows: The average increasing rate of temperature in Tianshan region is 0.306 C/lOa, which shows a temporal difference. Firstly, SASMI (South Asian Summer Monsoon Index) is the climate index of the last importance that affects the air temperature in Tianshan Mountain. Spring SASMI has a positive correlation to the temperature of the four seasons,and summer SASMI negatively related to the spring temperature shows the positive and negative correlation to summer temperature, and SASMI in winter is characterized by positive correlation relation with the air temperature in summer, autumn and winter, indicating that SASMI in summer and winter plays a certain role in promoting the four seasons' temperature. Secondly, PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) is the main climatic index that has an effect on Tianshan area temperature changes, and summer PDO expresses a negative relationship with the temperature in summer, while positively correlated to the temperature in winter, and autumn PDO exhibits the negative correlation to the temperature both in summer and autumn. Thirdly, summer NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) displays a negative correlation to the temperature in spring and reflects positive and negative correlation relationship with the temperature in summer. Fourthly, the PNA (PacificNorth American Oscillation) both in summer and winter are positively related to the winter temperature. And then the autumn IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) represents a positive correlation to the spring air temperature. In addition, the impacts of all of these climatic indices above on temperature changes have a spatial difference. Having a objectively understanding of the features of modern climatic change in Tianshan Mountain is feasible based on our results. This study provides a scientific basis for further carrying out the impacts of global climate change on the climate of Tianshan Mountain and offers a meaningful reference to developing strategies dealing with climatic variation.