Quantifying the relationships between water use efficiency and climatic factors facilitates predicating the water use ability in alpine meadows under future climatic change. The relationships of water use efficiency with growing-season soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit in 20102014 in an alpine meadow of the Northern Tibet at three elevations (4300, 4500 and 4700 m) was analyzed based on correlation analyses and multiple stepwise regression analyses. Water use efficiency increased with increasing elevation. There were significant annual variations of water use efficiency. The correlation analyses showed that water use efficiency generally increased with increasing soil and air temperatures and vapor pressure deficit, but decreased with increasing relative humidity. The multiple stepwise regression analyses indicated that soil temperature, soil moisture and relative humidity together explained the seasonal variation of water use efficiency at elevation 4300 m. Air temperature and soil temperature explained the variation of water use efficiency at elevation 4500 and 4700 m, respectively. Specifically, the temperature pre-dominated the variations of water use efficiency in this alpine meadow of the Northern Tibet. The warming and drying climatic change will likely increase the ability of water use in the alpine meadows of the Northern Tibet.