Nearly ten percent of the carbon in the atmosphere is generated by the soil, and its tiny change could have a significant impact on the global carbon balance, which can affect the global climate change. Therefore, accurate measurements of soil carbon reserves and emissions have become one of the key issues of the current global change research. In this paper, three aspects including the calculation results, calculation methods and influencing factors of current soil carbon reserves are summarized; also, the problems and reasons in this field are analyzed. Moreover some suggestions about further research on soil carbon reserve are put forward.