The researches on land consolidation in agricultural lands are important for optimizing land use patterns and combating climate changes. This study used the land consolidation projects in Julu and Baixiang Counties in Xingtai City of Hebei Province as study areas, and analyzed the changes of soil carbon emissions and its affecting factors before and after land consolidation based on indirect sampling and random sampling methods. The results showed that: 1) through land consolidation, soil carbon emissions increased at the peak growing season of maize in land consolidation areas of Julu and Baixiang Counties. However, the increase in soil carbon emission was not statistically significant. This indicated that the land consolidation projects at the peak growing season of maize in Julu and Baixiang Counties did not fundamentally affected soil carbon emissions at land consolidation areas. 2) Among the factors affecting soil carbon emissions at the peak growing season of maize, only the soil carbon nitrogen ratio at land consolidation area of Julu County and leaf area index at land consolidation area of Baixiang County showed significantly changes before and after land consolidation. Although other factors had different change size and direction, the change was not statistically significant.