A high-resolution sedimentary charcoal and Black carbon (char and soot) records from the loess-soil profile in the western of Guanzhong Basin, combined with Magnetic susceptibility and other paleo-proxies revealed the past wildfire history and the evolution of natural ecological landscape in the past 12 millennium. The results showed that regional wildfire activity was high in the late Holocene; whereas fires were less frequent in the middle Holocene. Local fires were frequently occurred in the late Holocene. Charcoal and black carbon (BC) influxes with peak fluctuations consistently attested to important changes in seasonal precipitation variability and mirror with the gradual climate aridity trend of the entire region during the Holocene which were strongly controlled by global and regional climate dynamics. Meanwhile, the detailed analysis of the BC and charcoal signals were inconsistently attributed to the differences with the process of the carbon deposition and transformation at regional and local scale. Understanding the spatial and temporal fire patterns and vegetation dynamics as possible threshold response of monsoon climate variability to these large-scale forcing would provide essential information for revealing the underlying mechanisms of fire and human activity in response to regional climate change.