In recent years, extreme global weathers have gradually become more frequent. Natural disasters have also become more serious, and violent terrorist activities dramatically surged. These occurrences cause considerable harm to people's lives, property, and social stability. Emergency responses for earthquakes over magnitude six and violent terrorist attacks, as well as prompt supports for important events, such as Winter Olympics, and electricity network transmission, have become especially urgent in the background of global climate change and the rapid development of China. Achieving precise emergency services and decision-making through the integration of various modern information technologies and the comprehensive analysis of multi-source and multi-dimensional heterogeneous data obtained from spaceborne, airborne, and ground measurements are vital supports for implementing the "One Belt, One Road" national strategy. Emergencies are usually complex and diverse, and conventional emergency information services are too extensive. Therefore, establishing a precise emergency service system based on cooperative remote sensing monitoring is urgent. In response to this significant demand of diverse emergencies, the "Precise emergency service system construction and demonstration through synergy observation of spaceborne, airborne, and ground remote sensing" program (No. 2016YFB0502500) is initiated in July 2016 with the support of the National Key Research and Development Plan. The project will be conducted by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with 13 other research institutes, universities, and enterprises. This project aims to do the following: (1) focus on the four categories of the most representative emergency services in natural disaster, social events, major social events, and lifeline engineering; (2) study the standards and specifications of emergency monitoring service of remote sensing; (3) overcome difficulties in cooperative monitoring, analyzing comprehensive data, and extracting precise information; (4) build emergency services and dispatching platform; and (5) conduct demonstration of emergency response service along the route of "One Belt, One Road" and around the sensitive areas. This project will change the past extensive flooding pattern of information services, establish a new precise emergency service system, and address the long-standing problem, in which multiple sources of emergency information are usually isolated and separated from each other after three years of technical research and demonstration. This project mainly includes six parts: (1) study the evolution process and mechanism of emergency, and establish an overall program for emergency response; (2) study the institutional mechanisms of remote sensing emergency services for cooperative networking observation, and establish emergency services standards; (3) research cooperative observation methods for multi-platform collaborations and create transmission links for emergency data; (4) discover the key techniques for fast spatial data processing, emergency information extraction, and customization services; (5) secure extendable precision emergency services and dispatching platform that integrates remote sensing, communication, and navigation technologies; and (6) conduct combat-type demonstrations on precise customization and command of emergency services.