Dynamics of soil organic carbon(SOC) affected by water erosion plays an important role in accurate assessment of soil erosion role in carbon cycle. In this paper,we discuss the influence of erosion on the pattern of global carbon cycle,and clarify the significance of research on dynamic mechanism of SOC affected by water erosion. On this basis,we introduce the latest domestic and foreign progresses of SOC pattern and dynamic mechanism of SOC pool,and analyze problems in the current research and the development tendency in the future. Through the research,we conclude that soil microorganisms should be taken as the research objects for SOC mineralization affected by water erosion,which will help us to verify erosion role in soil carbon cycle at mechanism level. Furthermore, in order to fully investigate the dynamic mechanism of SOC affected by water erosion,we can employ model simulation method,and it is an urgent research direction for the research in future.